This is a signal-to-noise ratio. It compares the range of the predicted values at the design points to the average prediction error. Ratios greater than 4 indicate adequate model discrimination.
Where,
\(\hat{Y}\) are the predictions at the run settings
\(p\hat{\sigma}^2\) is the residual mean square from ANOVA table.
\(p\) is the number of terms in the model.
\(n\) is the number of runs in the design.