The gradient is the slope of a of a line extending from a reference blend towards a vertex. The vertex is determined by the Piepel, or Cox direction.
Pseudo gradients, used with Piepel’s Direction, are based upon 0 to 1 coded values.
Real gradients, used with Cox’s direction, are based upon coded proportional relationships between the components.
In an unconstrained simplex region these values will be identical.
Gradients are calculated by dividing the component effect by the difference between the highest and lowest component value along the appropriate direction’s vector.